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HUBUNGAN KEBIASAAN MEROKOK DENGAN GRADING HISTOPATOLOGI DAN STADIUM KLINIS PADA KANKER KANDUNG KEMIH DI RSUP DR.MOHAMMAD HOESIN PALEMBANG

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Background: Bladder cancer is a prevalent urological malignancy strongly linked to exposure to tobacco-derived carcinogens, yet the influence of smoking behavior on its clinical and histopathological characteristics remains inconsistent across populations. Objective: This study aimed to assess the association between smoking status and both histopathological grading and clinical staging among patients with bladder cancer at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical design was employed, involving 31 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected from medical records and standardized interviews capturing smoking status, intensity, and duration. Chi-Square and Fisher’s Exact test were applied due to several cells containing expected counts below five. Results: The majority of patients were smokers (77.4%), with high-intensity smoking (≥13 cigarettes/day) in 55.6% and long-term smoking duration (≥20 years) in 94.4% of cases. High-grade invasive urothelial carcinoma accounted for 93.5% of histopathological findings, while the most frequent clinical stages were T2 (45.2%) and T3 (41.9%). Bivariate analysis revealed a significant association between smoking intensity and clinical stage (p < 0.05). No significant associations were observed between smoking status, intensity, or duration and histopathological grading (p > 0.05), nor between smoking status or duration and clinical stage (p > 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, smoking intensity is significantly associated with clinical stage of bladder cancer, whereas smoking status and duration show no association with histopathological grading and clinical stage. Furthermore, smoking intensity demonstrates no association with histopathological grading. Keywords: bladder cancer, smoking, histopathology, clinical staging

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Detail Information

Series Title

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Call Number

T1885632025

Publisher

Palembang : Prodi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sriwijaya., 2025

Collation

xviii, 133 hlm.; ilus.; tab, 29 cm

Language

Indonesia

ISBN/ISSN

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Classification

616.990 7

Content Type

Text

Media Type

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Carrier Type

-

Edition

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Subject(s)

Prodi Pendidikan Dokter
Kanker Kandung Kemih

Specific Detail Info

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MI

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