Skripsi

METODE PENAMBANGAN TIMAH LAUT UNTUK MENGURANGI DAMPAK PENYEBARAN SEDIMEN DI PERAIRAN MATRAS KABUPATEN BANGKA

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Tin mining is a major economic sector in Bangka Belitung and has shifted from land-based to offshore operations due to the declining availability of terrestrial reserves. Offshore mining activities using Kapal Keruk (KK), Kapal Isap Produksi (KIP), and Ponton Isap Produksi (PIP) have led to increased sedimentation and changes in water quality, necessitating an evaluation of marine environmental conditions and the development of sustainable management strategies. This study aims to analyze the seawater quality and sediment characteristics in the Matras Waters affected by tin mining activities, as well as to identify sustainable environmental management strategies. Measurements were conducted at 20 observation stations, covering DO, TSS, turbidity, temperature, pH, salinity, and current velocity. The results show variation across parameters, with DO ranging from 2.1–3.1 mg/L; TSS 25.5–36.5 mg/L; turbidity 0.05–0.99 NTU; temperature 29.3–30.7 °C; pH 7.90–8.08; salinity 27–32 ‰; and current velocity 0.041–0.108 m/s. These values generally exceed the seawater quality standards set by the Indonesian Ministerial Decree No. 51 of 2004 for coral reef, mangrove, and seagrass ecosystems; however, they remain within a range that can still support aquatic life. Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the 20 stations, five groups of water characteristics were identified, consisting of four groups plotted along the F1–F2 axes and one group along the F3 axis. The first group F1 positive consists of ST14 and ST15, characterized by high current velocity and salinity, indicating strong influence from open ocean dynamics. The second group F1 negative includes ST5 and ST6, which exhibit high TSS levels due to proximity to Production Suction Vessel activities that enhance sediment resuspension. The third group F2 positive, ST1 and ST2, shows higher temperatures attributed to their position in shallower waters and sampling conducted during peak solar radiation. The fourth group F2 negative, comprising ST10, ST11, and ST17, demonstrates higher DO values, reflecting better water circulation or elevated primary productivity. Meanwhile, the fifth group on F3 positive is represented by ST8, characterized by high turbidity resulting from weak currents and accumulation of suspended sediments from mining activity. Overall, these groupings illustrate the interaction of hydrodynamic, physicochemical, and anthropogenic factors that shape water quality conditions in the study area. Sediment textures in the Matras Waters are dominated by fine particles (silt and clay), accounting for 44.69–70.95% of total sediment, while sand fractions range from 29.05–55.31%. Spatial analysis indicates that during the East Monsoon, TSS concentrations are generally lower (0.020–0.024 kg/m³) with a dominant southward distribution, whereas during the West Monsoon, concentrations increase (0.026–0.028 kg/m³) and spread more extensively. Hydrodynamic conditions are also influenced by monsoonal winds and diurnal tides, where rising tides strengthen southward currents and increase TSS concentrations. Mitigation efforts include separating mining vessels from the nearshore Floating Washing Plant unit to reduce the spread of suspended sediments. Sustainable tailings management is implemented through three approaches: controlled discharge into the sea, construction of coastal tailing ponds equipped with filtration systems, and pumping tailings to land for reclamation or extraction of valuable minerals. These strategies are expected to minimize the environmental impact of suspended sediments and support environmentally responsible and sustainable offshore tin mining practices.

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Detail Information

Series Title

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Call Number

T1897912025

Publisher

Palembang : Prodi Magister Teknik Pertambangan, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sriwijaya., 2025

Collation

xx, 134 hlm.; ilus.; tab.; 29 cm

Language

Indonesia

ISBN/ISSN

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Classification

622.345 07

Content Type

Text

Media Type

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Carrier Type

-

Edition

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Subject(s)

Penambangan Timah
Prodi Magister Teknik Pertambangan

Specific Detail Info

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Statement of Responsibility

MI

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