Background. Low Birth Weight (LBW) remains a significant neonatal health problem, particularly in developing countries. Infants born with a birth weight of less than 2,500 grams have a higher risk of developing various complications, including neonatal anemia. Anemia in LBW infants may result from limited iron stores, prematurity, bone marrow immaturity, increased erythrocyte destruction, and m…
Background. Knee arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure considered the gold standard for diagnosing and treating various intra-articular knee disorders. Patient profiles for this procedure vary widely, influenced by age, sex, medical history, and underlying clinical conditions. However, data regarding the characteristics of patients who had knee arthroscopy in Indonesia, particularly in …
Hypertensive retinopathy is a complication of hypertension that causes damage to the retinal blood vessels. In its early stages, hypertensive retinopathy is typically asymptomatic, but without proper management it may progress to more severe stages, leading to visual impairment and potentially permanent blindness. This study aimed to determine the association between the degree of hypertension …
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram-negative bacterium that acts as an opportunistic pathogen and is frequently associated with pneumonia and bacteremia. One of the bio-pharmaceutical plants with potential activity against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection is karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk.), which is widely found in Southeast Asia. The use of karamunting leaf extract …
The increasing number of elderly individuals in Indonesia has led to a higher risk of cognitive impairment, which can reduce their independence and quality of life. Early detection is necessary so that interventions can be conducted promptly. On the other hand, the use of the Indonesian version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-Ina) as a standard screening tool requires more time and t…
Background: Cigarette smoke contains various free radicals that can damage lung tissue, characterized by alveolar lumen widening, alveolar wall thickening, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Natural antioxidants such as garlic extract (Allium sativum L.) are believed to neutralize free radicals and reduce such tissue damage. Methods: In vivo study was conducted using 30 male wistar rats divide…
Hypoglycemia is a condition characterized by decreased blood glucose levels which serves as the primary energy substrate for brain metabolism, its reduction is critical therefore the brain compensates for this state by conserving glucose utilization, which may manifest as impaired consciousness. Currently, there has been no recent study investigating similar topics in the Emergency Department o…
Background. Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease experienced by adolescents. This chronic inflammation of the pilosebaceous follicles can manifest as comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts. Although this disease is not life-threatening, acne vulgaris can cause a significant psychological impact. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the severity of acne vulgaris and qu…
University students are a group vulnerable to stress, particularly academic stress, due to the high demands and pressures of higher education. Academic stress refers to an emotional disturbance resulting from academic pressures, which, if persistent, may lead to physical and psychological problems, including psychosomatic disorders. Psychosomatic disorders are physical complaints without clear …
Background: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an important ligament in the knee joint that is prone to injury, especially during sports activities. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent knee instability and complications. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is commonly used as a non-invasive diagnostic tool, while arthroscopy remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Objective: To determine t…
The use of antibiotics in diseases such as acute respiratory infections (ARI) and acute gastrointestinal infections among under-five children, the most commonly encountered diseases, is an important indicator for evaluating the implementation of antibiotic stewardship. This study was conducted to analyze antibiotic use in public health centers (puskesmas) with the aim of obtaining information o…
Background. Dacryocystitis is an inflammation of the lacrimal sac, commonly caused by tear stagnation due to obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct. Based on its clinical presentation, dacryocystitis is classified into acute and chronic forms. If not properly managed, particularly in the acute phase, dacryocystitis may lead to several complications that can affect visual function. Research on dac…
Background: Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission and contributes significantly to high morbidity and mortality rates. The length of ICU stay is influenced by various clinical factors, including age, comorbidities, and types of antibiotic therapy. Objective: To identify factors influencing the length of stay among pneumonia patients in …
Backgrounds: Head injury is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in trauma cases and remains a major public health concern worldwide. In Indonesia, head injuries most commonly occur as a result of traffic accidents, particularly among productive age groups. Profiling head injury patients is essential for evaluating healthcare services, management strategies, and prevention progr…
Background: Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a congenital intestinal disorder caused by aganglionosis that requires histopathological confirmation; a full-thickness biopsy (FTB) is sometimes used to establish the diagnosis and determine definitive management. Methods: This retrospective descriptive-analytic study used medical records from Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang (January 20…
Backgrounds: Impetigo is a common superficial skin infection often caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Mupirocin is a first-line treatment, but rising antibiotic resistance encourages the search for alternative therapies, including pineapple core (Ananas comosus L. Merr) extract, which contains active compounds such as bromelain with potential antibacterial effects. This study aimed to evaluate t…
Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that requires lifelong management, including regular blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy. This condition affects the quality of life of children, which is strongly influenced by their parents’ level of knowledge in providing care. This study aimed to determine the relationship between parents’ level of knowledge and the quality of life of ch…
Introduction: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction, one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including Indonesia. The rapid progression of the disease and its variable clinical manifestations affect sepsis- related mortality. Biomarker testing, particularly plasma lactate level, plays a vital role as an indicator of tissue hypoxia, a predictor of mortality, and a…
Background: Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common atopic diseases in children, characterized by inflammation of the nasal mucosa due to type I hypersensitivity reactions mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE), often caused by house dust mites. Methods: This study is an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional approach using medical records and laboratory data on pediatric allergi…
Soil-Transmitted Helminth (STH) infections remain a public health problem in Indonesia, with a prevalence of 28.12%. STH infections can lead to growth retardation in children and decreased work productivity in adults. Transmission occurs through the fecal–oral route, and consumption of contaminated vegetables can serve as a medium for infection. The development of hydroponic farming systems, …
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in the world. Chemotherapy can be one of the treatment options and has been proven to have a significant impact on patient survival. However, there are concerns about the side effects of chemotherapy that can affect the cognitive function of patients, known as chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI). This study aims to determine the cogni…
Chemotherapy is the main treatment for breast cancer; however, it may cause cognitive impairment, known as chemobrain, which is characterized by a decline in memory, attention, reasoning, concentration, processing speed, executive function, and visual ability. Clinicopathological factors such as age, education, marital status, cancer stage, type and number of chemotherapy cycles are believed to…
Coronary Slow-Flow Phenomenon (CSFP) is characterized by delayed coronary blood flow without significant stenosis, with a prevalence of 1–7% and 38.3% at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang. The condition often causes recurrent chest pain and increases cardiovascular risk. Endothelial dysfunction is suspected to play a role in its pathogenesis, while dyslipidemia may contribute thr…
Cholelithiasis is the formation of gallstones due to an imbalance between cholesterol, bile salts, and phospholipids. Factors such as age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) play important roles in this process. Older age is associated with decreased activity of the enzyme 7α-hydroxylase, which reduces bile acid production, while higher estrogen levels in females increase cholesterol secretion …
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder characterized by an imbalance of LH and FSH hormones, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, which increase the risk of metabolic complications. Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Poir) is known to contain anthocyanins and flavonoids with antioxidant properties that contribute to improving lipid profiles. This study aims to evaluate …
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in Indonesia. This condition occurs due to the sudden obstruction of coronary blood flow caused by rupture or erosion of atherosclerotic plaques. Platelet activation plays a role in the process of atherothrombosis and the formation of coronary thrombi. Platelet indices such …
Background: Musculoskeletal pain is one of the most common occupational health problems experienced by healthcare workers, particularly dentists. In Indonesia, the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among dentists reaches 58.9%, indicating that this condition is a significant issue requiring proper attention. Various risk factors contribute to this condition, including working posture, str…
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common complications associated with diabetes mellitus. This study aims to determine whether there is an association between patient characteristics specifically sex, age, and body mass index (BMI), and the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with…
Background. DSD is a heterogeneous group of congenital conditions associated with variations in chromosomes, gonads, or anatomical sex. CAH is classified as a DSD that is usually diagnosed based on ambiguous genitalia in newborn girls or salt-wasting crises. Early diagnosis and treatment of CAH DSD patients is crucial. However, a major challenge is that research conducted primarily at the natio…
Background: Neck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints among adolescents, particularly those who spend extend periods sitting and maintaining non-ergonomic neck positions during academic activities. Neck position can be assessed using the Craniovertebral Angle (CVA), which biomechanically correlates with increased load on the cervical muscles. However, evidence regarding the…