Typhoid fever is an acute infectious disease of the small intestine caused by food and drinks contaminated with Salmonella typhi bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of antibiotic drug use in typhoid fever patients, to determine the quantitative evaluation and qualitative evaluation of antibiotic use. This study is a descriptive study conducted retrospectively, the d…
Penyakit infeksi masih merupakan penyakit utama di banyak negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia; terutama infeksi saluran pernafasan akut (ISPA) dengan yang tersering adalah rinitis simpleks, faringitis, tonsilitis, dan sinusitis. Bakteri yang dapat menyebabkan faringitis antara lain streptokokus grup A, korinebakterium, arkanobakterium, atau Chlamydia pneumoniae. Selain itu, dapat juga terjadi…
Mengingat resiko pemakaian antibiotik yang sembarangan menimbulkan resiko efeksamping dan resistensi maka dilakukan penelitian pola penggunaan antibiotik pada penderita akne vulgaris pada pasien rawat jalan di RSMH Palembang. Penelitian mi adalah deskriptif dengan menggunakan data pada rekam medis RSMH Palembang selama 3 bulan ( Maret-Mei ). Dari data yang diperoleh dari bagian rekam medik dida…
Pneumonia dapat menimbulkan angka kesakitan dan kematian yang tinggi serta kerugian produktivitas kerja.'Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui data-data tentang pola penggunaan antibiotik pada penderita pneumonia di Departemen Penyakit Dalam RSMH Palembang. Penelitian ini adalah survey deskriptif yang dilakukan pada bulan Maret sampai dengan Juni 2005 di Departemen Penyakit Dalam RSMH Palem…
Antibiotic resistance in the NICU continues to be a global problem, increasing neonatal mortality and morbidity rates. Excessive broad-spectrum empiric antibiotic therapy increases the DOT (Days of Therapy) per 1000 patient-days metric and promotes resistance development through selective pressure. The high antibiotic usage in the NICU prompted research on the effect of DOT per 1000 patient-day…
Infectious diseases are a major health problem in Indonesia, with antibiotics being the primary choice for treatment. However, inappropriate antibiotic use can lead to resistance, increasing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) method to standardize and measure antibiotic use for effective monitoring. This study …
Background: Infections in the intensive care unit (ICU) are one of the biggest challenges in healthcare, especially due to increasing antibiotic resistance. Understanding antibiogram and antibiotic sensitivity is very important to determine effective therapeutic strategies and prevent further resistance. This study aims to determine the antibiogram and antibiotic resistance of patients in the I…
Erythromycin is a topical antibiotic with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities used for the therapy of mild to moderate inflammatory acne. However, conventional topical erythromycin formulations are still ineffective as they struggle to penetrate deeper into the sebaceous areas located in the dermal layer of the skin. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a topical formulation inco…
Background: Fever neutropenia is one of the serious complications of chemotherapy in malignant patients. One of the main causes of febrile neutropenia is a bacterial infection. Early administration of appropriate antibiotics greatly affects the prognosis of patients. The selection of first-line antibiotic therapy for the management of febrile neutropenia varies depending on the local antibiotic…
This research aims to synthesize the NiFe2O4/Chitosan-PVA/SnO2 composite as an effort to address tetracycline waste pollution in the environment. Nanomagnetic NiFe2O4 is utilized to reduce the band gap of SnO2 and also to impart magnetic properties. Chitosan-PVA is employed as a coating, while SnO2 serves as the photocatalyst. The NiFe2O4/Chitosan-PVA/SnO2 composite is synthesized using the cop…
This research focuses on the synthesis of NiFe2O4/Chitosan-PVA/ZnO composite as a photocatalyst in tetracycline degradation. ZnO acts as a catalyst and is combined with NiFe2O4 to reduce the band gap of ZnO. Chitosan-PVA in the composite acts as a barrier between ZnO and NiFe2O4 to preventing photodissolenscence. The synthesized composite NiFe2O4/Chitosan-PVA/ZnO is characterized using VSM, XRD…
Latar Belakang: Staphylococcus epidermidis merupakan patogen oportunistik yang sering menginfeksi melalui alat medis dan prostetik. Resistensi Staphylococcus epidermidis terhadap antibiotik membatasi pilihan pengobatan yang tersedia dan menghambat proses pemulihan pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola kepekaan Staphylococcus epidermidis terhadap antibiotik pada pasien rawat ina…
Typhoid fever is an acute systemic infectious disease caused by Salmonella typhi which is transmitted via fecal and oral routes and is treated with antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to determine patient characteristics, patterns of antibiotic use and the DDD/100 patient-days value of typhoid fever pediatric patients at Dr.H.Moh Rabain Muara Enim General Hospital. This research is a des…
The irrationality of high-use antibiotics for infectious diseases can cause the result of failing to achieve therapeutic goals. One of these contagious diseases is bronchopneumonia, a condition with inflammation in the lungs marked by infiltrate spots around the bronchi. Bronchopneumonia is one of the leading infectious causes of death in children under five. This study aims to examine and eval…
The COVID-19 pandemic has had many impacts on the health sector, one of which is the use of drugs such as antibiotics. Changes in patterns of antimicrobial use will drive changes in antimicrobial resistance and increase the risk of spreading to other people. Children are a population that is at risk of facing this threat. This study aimed to determine changes in patterns of antibiotic resistanc…
Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is a species of gram negative bacteria that frequently infects hospitalized patients and causes a lot of nosocomial infections. These bacteria is a major threat for healthcare system because of their increasing incidence of infection caused by these bacteria and their increasing resistance to antibiotics. Resistance of A. baumannii to antibiotics makes treatm…
Introduction: S. aureus is a bacterial pathogen causing wide variety of infections. Resistance of S. aureus to various antibiotics was reported to have occurred, one of the most dangerous is the resistance of S. aureus to methicillin (MRSA). MRSA is a major cause of infection in hospitals. Antibiotics used as a drug of choice for MRSA infections is vancomycin. Increased use of vancomycin for MR…
Background: Toddlers who are undergoing growth process must be offset with the provision of good and balanced nutrition. Because in infancy, adequate and balanced nutrition is very influential on physical growth, brain development, ability to work and good health. Nutritional status is influenced by several factors, namely mother’s nutritional knowledge, mother’s age, mother’s education, …
Background: Ciprofloxacin is one antibiolic that is widely circidated in Indonesia. CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) estimates aboui 50 million of the 150 million patients each year have been prescribed unnecessary antibiotics. Inaccuracy in prescribing antibiotics can lead to failure to achieve the goals of therapy, increased Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) of ciprofloxacin in combi…
Extended Spectrum p-Lactamase (ESBL) merupakan hasil mutasi dari enzim P-Laktam. Enzim ESBL diproduksi oleh bakteri gram negatif yang menyebabkan terjadinya resistensi terhadap antibiotik golongan P-laktam termasuk penicillin, cefalosporin generasi pertama kedua, ketiga dan aztreonam, kecuali cefamicin dan carbapenam. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat menyebabkan terjadinya resistensi anti…
Infeksi saluran pemapasan bawah non tuberkulosis merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian terbesar di Indonesia, sehingga pengobatan dan terapi dengan menggunakan antibiotik yang tepat sangatlah diperlukan. Tetapi, penggunaan antibiotika tidak rasional sehingga laju perkembangan resistensi bakteri penyebab infeksi saluran pemapasan bawah semakin meningkat. Oleh karena itulah penelitian ini dibuat…
Mayoritas pasien Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) mendapatkan terapi antibiotik secara empirik. Pemilihan terapi empirik membutuhkan data pola kuman dan resistensi antibiotik sebagai data klinis untuk menentukan terapi antibiotik yang tepat pada pasien PICU.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola kuman dan resistensi antibiotik dari hasil kultur darah, urin dan sekret bronkus p…
Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacteria that cause variety of infections. There are many reports about resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to antibiotics, one of the most dangerous is Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain (MRSA). According to that reason, the aim of this study is to determine the sensitivity pattern of Staphylococcus aureus to antibiotics in Mi…
Latar Belakang: Berdasarkan data Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, angka kematian kasus infeksi saluran pernafasan bawah (pneumonia) sebesar 7,6%. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan antibiotik harus tepat agar angka kematian kasus menurun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pola kepekaan bakteri non-Mycobacterium tuberculosis terhadap antibiotika. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian …