Background: Nosocomial infections remain a major problem with high incidence rates globally and in Indonesia, contributing to morbidity and mortality, especially with the increasing antibiotic resistance including Serratia marcescens, a multidrug-resistant organism and a common Gram-negative pathogen in ICUs. Indonesia is rich in herbal plants, one of which is karamunting leaf (Rhodomyrtus tome…
Backgrounds: Escherichia coli is a bacteria that often causes serious infections, such as digestive tract, urinary tract and bloodstream infections. One of the main obstacles in its treatment is the ability of these bacteria to form biofilms, which increase resistance to antibiotics and protect against external influences. Uncontrolled use of antibiotics further exacerbates the problem of resis…