Backgound : Instability of blood sugar levels is a variation in blood sugar levels up or down from the normal range. Management DM in hospitals only focuses on pharmacology and dietary therapy, but for self-management it not optimized. Effective self-management is obtained if an individual has the knowledge and skills to do self-care independently. One of them is diabetes self management educat…
Background : Diabetes Mellitus can cause several complications both acute and chronic. One of the compliactions is nephron damage which is called diabetic nephropathy. Blood glucose decreasement can occur on patients who went through hemodialysis. Diabetic drugs and the decrease of kidney excretion will cause an accumulation of drugs in the kidney that may have toxic effects, such as blood gluc…