Subsidence is one of the environmental problems that occurs slowly, especially in coal post-mining reclamation areas where the soil structure is not yet stable. As a result, the further impact of subsidence emphasizes the importance of a monitoring system that is able to detect changes in land surface periodically and accurately. One method that is currently widely used with the development of …
Oil palm plants have a very important role for Indonesia, especially in the development of national plantations. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a fibrous-rooted plant. These fibrous roots grow from the entire base of the stem to a depth of 0.45 m and a length of up to 20 m depending on soil type, availability of nutrients, water and consist of primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary …