Freezing of gait (FOG) is a symptom characterized by a sudden inability to step during walking, described as feet feeling glued to the floor, particularly when initiating gait, turning, or facing obstacles. This symptom commonly accompanies parkinsonism and potentially increases fall risk and decreases quality of life. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of FOG in parkinsonism pati…
Background: Autonomic dysfunction is one of the most important non-motor symptoms as it affects a broad symptom domain that supports the diagnosis of parkinsonism. Symptoms of autonomic dysfunction are symptoms that are present in almost all PD patients and are one of the earliest symptoms to arise, at least fulfilling one of the domains tested on the SCOPA-AUT questionnaire. This study aims to…
Background: Parkinson's disease (PP) was first discovered in 1817, during the last century the understanding of PP has developed rapidly. Loss of pigmentation in the substantia nigra is a feature of PP and then progresses to loss of dopamine in the subcortical motor circuits involved in movement disorders in PP. The number of cases of PP increases with age. The prevalence of PP cases has double…
Background: Parkinson's disease is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by four major motor symptoms, but the effects of this disease are not limited only to motor disorders. It is known that some non motor symptoms can precede motor symptoms and the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease by several years. The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of non motor s…