Background: Patients with ovarian cysts who undergo laparotomy surgery generally experience acute postoperative pain due to tissue damage and inflammatory processes. Untreated acute pain can slow healing, inhibit mobilization, and decrease patient comfort. Non-pharmacological therapies such as hand massage and lavender aromatherapy have been shown to be effective in lowering pain intensity thro…
The phenomenon of sexual bullying which treats victims through forms of intimidation, oppression, or violence with a sexual connotation will have an impact on the victims’ self-esteems. One of the efforts to overcome low self-esteem is through a play therapy approach, namely flashcard play therapy. This study was conducted to analyze the effect of the flashcard play therapy on self-esteem amo…