This study evaluates the feasibility of temper bead welding (half bead technique) as an alternative to post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) in influencing the microstructure and mechanical properties of A335 Grade P22 pipe welding. It compares three welding methods: pre-heat, pre-heat TBW, and pre-heat PWHT, based on WPS and PQR standards. Tensile tests on 12 specimens showed failures in the base me…
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