In an effort to optimize surface roughness in the milling process, a cutting fluid based on coconut oil with the addition of 1% MoS₂ nanoparticles was utilized using the Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) method. This research aims to analyze the effects of cutting speed (Vc), feed rate (fz), and depth of cut (a) on the surface roughness of AISI 1045 steel. Optimization and machining result p…