This study aims to develop a hydrogel wound dressing based on Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) with the addition of black pepper oil (Piper nigrum L.) as a natural antibacterial agent. The hydrogel was made with varying concentrations of CMC (5%, 7.5%, 10%) and black pepper oil (0–40%) using citric acid as a crosslinking agent and gum arabic as a binder. Analysis was …