This book constitutes selected revised papers of the 16th International Conference on Formalizing Natural Languages: Applications to Natural Language Processing and Digital Humanities, NooJ 2022, held in Rosario, Argentina, in June 2022. Due to COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held virtually. NooJ is a linguistic development environment that provides tools for linguists to construct ling…
In learning listening skills, students may face several challenges and they need appropriate learning strategies to have a good proficiency. The challenges students face and strategies they apply may caused a huge impact on their listening comprehension. The aims of this study are; (1) to find out the challenges students face and the strategies they apply by the students, (2) to describe the ch…
This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 31st European Symposium on Programming, ESOP 2022, which was held during April 5-7, 2022, in Munich, Germany, as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2022. The 21 regular papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 64 submissions. They deal with fundamental issue…
This volume, LNAI 13385, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Joint Conference on Automated Reasoning, IJCAR 2022, held in Haifa, Israel, in August 2022. The 32 full research papers and 9 short papers presented together with two invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 85 submissions. The papers focus on the following topics: Satisfiability, SMT…
This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 30th European Symposium on Programming, ESOP 2021, which was held during March 27 until April 1, 2021, as part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2021. The conference was planned to take place in Luxembourg and changed to an online format due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 24 papers included in this…
The students’ English language learning revealed their level of proficiency in the language were influenced by a variety of factors, one of which is parental involvement. This present study aimed to find out how the parents facilitated their children in learning English and to find out what were parents’ views on parents’ involvement in learning English. The participants of this study wer…
This edited book focuses on the state of language learning in Anglophone countries and brings together international research from a wide range of educational settings. Taking a contextual perspective on the language learning crisis currently facing Anglophone countries, the authors examine systemic challenges, real-world practices, and broader cultural trends that have an impact on the uptake…
This book explores the application of a significant discussion approach, Quality Talk, to English learning in Taiwanese college classrooms. Quality Talk has been found to successfully enhance students' reading comprehension and higher-level thinking in American contexts. It offers an introduction to Quality Talk and demonstrates how it can be implemented in college level English classes. It add…
This book examines the interplay and tensions between hegemonic and counter-hegemonic language policy and processes in Tigray, a regional state of Ethiopia, in the period of pre- and post-1991. Viewing language use and language policy as dynamic social and ideological processes, the book presents Ethiopia as an example of language policy creation and implementation over time, in a highly volati…
Learn how to accelerate C++ programs using data parallelism. This open access book enables C++ programmers to be at the forefront of this exciting and important new development that is helping to push computing to new levels. It is full of practical advice, detailed explanations, and code examples to illustrate key topics. Data parallelism in C++ enables access to parallel resources in a mo…
The book is an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of the case of language in education reform and language policy controversies of Hong Kong over the initial two decades after 1997. It is a scholarly monograph of conscientious educators and researchers who have been active during the education reform, collaborating with different parties on school development and classroom teaching experiments…
This book clarifies the fundamental difference between North America-based instrumental motivation and Korea (and East Asia)-specific competitive motivation by which the EFL learners’ excessive competition to be admitted to famous universities and to be hired at a large-scale conglomerate is the main source of L2 motivation. It enables readers to understand that EFL-learning motivation reflec…
This book presents an international range of conversation analytic (CA) studies of classroom interaction which all discuss their empirical findings in terms of their theoretical and methodological contribution to the field of second language studies and their potential pedagogical relevance. The volume is thus unique in its focus on the theoretical and practical insights of CA classroom-based r…
This book investigates the issue of cloze-validity as a measure of second language reading comprehension. It starts off by making a distinction between general reading ability and the more specific reading comprehension followed by a thorough review of the related research on L2 reading comprehension and sorting out the confusion in the literature in this categorization. A comprehensive accou…
With the advent and increasing popularity of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) and e-learning technologies, the need of automatic assessment and of teacher/tutor support for the two tightly intertwined activities of comprehension of reading materials and of collaboration among peers has grown significantly. In this context, a polyphonic model of discourse derived from Bakhtin’s…
This edited volume demonstrates how an educational linguistics approach to inquiry is well positioned to identify, examine, and theorize the language and literacy dimensions of refugee-background learners’ experiences. Contributions (from junior and senior scholars) explore and interrogate the policies, practices and ideologies of language and literacy in formal and informal educational setti…
This book focuses on the idea of Academic Persian in the growing competition of many Middle Eastern languages to produce and highlight their academic discourse. Similar to academic English, most West Asian languages including Persian, Turkish, and Arabic are developing new styles and genres to produce academic texts. The book addresses a major question: "What is academic Persian?" Intended f…
This book combines insights from language assessment literacy and critical language testing through critical analyses and research about challenges in language assessment around the world. It investigates problematic practices in language testing which are relevant to language test users such as language program directors, testing centers, and language teachers, as well as teachers-in-training …
This volume focuses on the learning of host-country languages by migrants in Europe. It identifies, clarifies, and offers insights into issues and central questions related to the learning of host-country languages with an emphasis on adolescent and adult language learners in formal and informal settings. The book draws on data collected following the refugee ‘crisis’ in Europe of 2015-16, …
This book offers a comprehensive view of multimodal composing and literacies in multilingual contexts for ESL and EFL education in United States of America and globally. It illustrates the current state of multimodal composing and literacies, with an emphasis on English learners' language and literacy development. The book addresses issues concerning multilinguals' multimodal composing and …