Lichen is one of the organisms known for its diverse secondary metabolites, one of which is usnic acid. Usnic acid is known to have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities to accelerate burn wound healing. This study aims to determine the concentration of clove oil and Cremophor RH-40 from various concentrations to obtain the optimum usnic acid nanoemulsion formula and test its activity …
Lichen has a secondary metabolite of usnic acid with antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflamatory pharmacological activities, however this compound is classified in Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II with low solubility but high permeability so that it becomes an obstacle in topical formulation. This research aims to determine the optimum formula for usnic acid nanoemulsio…
Ethanol extract of Chinese Betel Herb (Peperomia Pellucida (L.) Kunth) is known to contain secondary metabolites, including flavonoid compounds that are thought to have potential antidepressant activity. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract of Chinese betel herb as an antidepressant and determine the best concentration of ethanol extract of Chinese betel herb. Parameters o…
Ofloxacine is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is classified under Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II, characterized by low water solubility and high permeability. This investigation aimed to enhance its solubility by utilizing a combination of sodium alginate and chitosan as carrier polymers in a solid dispersion system. The development of the optimal formulation for ofloxa…
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is a progressive clinical condition that causes the inability of the heart to pump blood optimally, resulting in impaired perfusion of vital organs. The main therapeutic regimens used in CHF patients include diuretics, ACE inhibitors/ARNI beta-blockers, antiplatelets. CHF patients often undergo polypharmacy therapy which increases the risk of Drug Related Problems…
Osteoarthritis adalah penyakit sendi degeneratif kronis yang secara bertahap merusak kartilago sendi, menyebabkan peradangan, nyeri, dan penurunan mobilitas. Terapi pengobatan osteoartritis sampai saat ini hanya terbatas pada mengurangi gejala utamanya berupa inflamasi dengan obat sintetik yang memiliki efek samping dan dapat menimbulkan komplikasi penyakit. Hal ini perlu dilakukan penelusuran …
Osteoartritis (OA) sebagai penyakit degeneratif yang bersifat kronis yang berkaitan dengan degradasi kartilago pada sendi. Potensi bahan alam yang digunakan yaitu jaras gambir karena terdapat kandungan senyawa berupa katekin dengan sifat anti-inflamasi yang dapat membantu meredakan gejala OA. Katekin mempunyai kelarutan dan bioavailabilitas yang rendah. Formulasi ekstrak jaras gambir dalam bent…
Leucas lavandulaefolia is traditional medicinal plant used to treat inflammation the finger joints and skin diseases. The aims of This study to were evaluated efficacy of Leucas lavanduleafolia leaf extract in healing burn and incision wounds. The extraction was carried out using maceration method ethanol solvent. The research used were 60 male Wistar rats, divided into six treatment groups (fi…
Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) belongs to the zingiberaceae family and the rhizome of the combrang is widely used by the community as an antioxidant. Orally dissolving film preparations can neutralize the sour taste of kecombrang flowers. The results of the total flavonoid content contained 7.700%. The FII formula was determined to be the best formula for evaluating the uniformity of levels and…
Excessive free radical production can lead to oxidative stress that damages DNA, proteins and lipids, triggering serious neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases. Oxidative damage caused by free radicals can be prevented by the activity of antioxidant compounds. Based on previous research, papaya leaves, melinjo leaves, and pelawan leaves as natural antioxidants contain flavonoids and phenolic…
Jengkol leaves (Archidendron jiringa Benth) contain active compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, steroids and tannins. the use of herbal medicines during pregnancy must be considered carefully, because drugs can cross the placenta and so can cause teratogenic effects on the fetus. Teratogenic toxicity research of ethanol extract of jengkol leaves (Archidendron jiringa Benth) has been conducte…
The ethanol extract of Pelawan leaves (Tristaniopsis merguensis Griff.) contains flavonoids, steroids, phenolics, and terpenoids, which have the potential to act as analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents due to their ability to inhibit prostaglandin formation, the main mediator of pain and inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of the extract as well as the analgesic an…
The use of antioxidants can prevent oxidative stress conditions, which cause tissue damage, due to too many free radicals in the body. The body produces antioxidant compounds such as SOD (Superoxide Dismutase), Gpx (Glutathione peroxidase), and catalase to protect the endothelium of blood vessels from free radical attacks, which reduce oxidative stress. This study aims to evaluate the antioxida…
The human body that is exposed to excess free radicals in a prolonged period can cause oxidative stress and various diseases so antioxidant compounds are needed to counteract free radicals. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the strongest antioxidant activity of ciplukan leaves, guava leaves, katuk leaves and cat whisker leaves that have been used empirically by the people of …
The red onion (Allium cepa L.) have a skin that contained active compounds such as flavonoids, steroids, and phenolics that have the potential as antioxidants, one of which can be used as a hair growth stimulant. This study aimed to optimize the use of gelling agents in hair serum formulations of red onion peel extract (Allium cepa L.) as a hair growth stimulant. The formula optimization was de…
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a benign prostate enlargement that is common in elderly men. Drug therapy is the main choice treatment of BPH, but patients are susceptible to non-compliance due to long-term treatment or side effects of drugs. Non-compliance with drug use can affect the patient's quality of life. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between drug compli…
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel has been proven to contain secondary metabolites, one of which is the phenolic group in the form of ellagic acid which has potential ability as a treatment for hyperpigmentation. The deformability and elasticity of transethosomes can penetrate the stratum corneum and increase the transfer of active substances in skin permeability. This study aims to determi…
Red onion skin (Allium cepa L.) has been proven to promote hair growth due to its strong antioxidant activity. Transfersomes were capable of penetrating the transfollicular pathways to enhance the antioxidant effect of quercetin compounds in red onion skin extract. This study aims to optimize the transfersome formula of red onion skin extract by varying the concentrations of phospholipon 90G an…
Gamal leaves (Gliricidia sepium) have pharmacological activity as anthelmitic, hepatoprotector and antibacterial. The content of secondary metabolites in the ethyl acetate fraction of gamal leaves are flavonoids, tannins and saponins. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of acute toxicity of the ethyl acetate fraction of gamal leaves with testing parameters of biochemical leve…
Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) were a common health problem in Indonesia. The kersen leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) contained flavonoid compounds that acted as diuretics. The use of nanosuspension preparations was chosen to enhance the effectiveness and bioavailability of the fraction in delivering the active substance to the target. The aim of this study was to determine the %EE and characteriz…
Daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) diketahui memiliki efek farmakologi sebagai antinefrolitiasis karena mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang dapat berikatan dengan kalsium pada batu ginjal dan meningkatkan ekskresi urin. Senyawa bahan alam mempunyai kelarutan dan bioavailabilitas yang rendah dalam air sehingga dapat diatasi dengan inovasi sediaan berupa nanosuspensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untu…
Asam kandis (Garcinia parvifolia (Miq.) Miq) merupakan tanaman tropis yang termasuk dalam famili Clusiaceae, yang banyak digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional di Indonesia dan daerah tropis lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efek analgetika dan antiinflamasi dari ekstrak dan fraksi daun asam kandis (Garcinia parvifolia (Miq.) Miq) pada tikus putih jantan. Penelitian ini mengg…
Daun sukun (Artocarpus altilis) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat potensial dengan berbagai khasiat. Namun, penggunaan daun sukun sebagai obat tradisional belum diketahui tingkat keamanannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek toksisitas subkronis ekstrak etanol daun sukun (Artocarpus altilis) pada tikus putih galur wistar. Pengujian dilakukan selama 28 hari dengan pemberian sediaan…
The main component of polyphenolic compounds in gambier sap extract is catechin, a flavonoid compound with anti-inflammatory properties that can help relieve inflammatory. Catechins have low solubility and bioavailability, resulting in its to deliver into the body. In this research, gambier sap extract was formulated using a drug delivery technology system in the form of Self-Nano Emulsion syst…
Lawsonia inermis is a traditional medicinal plant used to treat inflammation of the finger joints and skin diseases.The aims of This study were evaluated the efficacy of Lawsonia inermis leaf extract in healing burn and incision wounds. The extraction was carried out using the maceration method with ethanol solvent.The research were used 60 male Wistar rats, divided into six treatment groups (f…
Pain and inflammation are common health issues experienced by patients. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often used to treat these conditions, but they come with undesirable side effects. Traditional medicine using Gelam leaves (Melaleuca leucadendra L.) may offer a promising alternative with potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Secondary metabolites in Gelam …
Jatropha curcas linn leaves contain secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids (kaemperol), saponins, steroids, tannins, quinones, and phenols. Empirically, this study aims to determine the characteristics and phytochemical screening of ethanol extracts and fractions of Jatropha curcas leaves, the effect of administering ethanol extracts and fractions on MDA levels, catalase e…
Purple Paper Flower (Bougainvillea spectabilis) has traditionally been used to treat various diseases such as hepatitis, ulcers, vaginal discharge, and irregular menstruation. Its secondary metabolite compounds include alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, quinones, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids, which have potential to accelerate wound healing. This study aims to identify the character…
The Takokak plant (Solanum torvum Sw.) contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, sterols, saponins, alkaloids, triterpenes, anthraquinones, and anthocyanins, which have potential as natural antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity (IC50), and inhibition percentage of ethanol extracts from the roots, flowers, f…
Breadfruit leaves (Artocarpus altilitis) are one of the herbal medicines that have activity as antihyperglycemia, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive. From the results of phytochemical screening, it is known that ethanol extract of breadfruit leaves contains phenolics, saponins, tannins, flavanoids, polyphenols, hydrocyanic acid, acetylcholine, riboflavin. The safety of using…