Buku ini membahas farmakokinetik, farmakodinamika, efek terapi, efek samping, indikasi, dan interaksi obat secara lengkap dan terperinci. Buku ini juga membahas sejarah, perubahan, kemajuan, dan perkembangan di bidang farmakologi, korelasi farmakologi dengan ilmu kesehatan lain, serta aplikasi sifat farmakokinetik dan farmakodinamik obat di dalam terapi obat.
Erythromycin is a drug classified into Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II which has low solubility in water so that it can reduce the speed of drug penetration into skin. One of the efforts to increase the penetration of Erythromycin is to formulate erythromycin into a nanoemulsion delivery system. The nanoemulsion was prepared by the PIT (Phase Transition Temperature) metho…
Mefenamic acid is a drug included in the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II so it is difficult to dissolve water which is overcome by making it into a solid dispersion. The combination of chitosan and sodium alginate is used as a carrier substance in solid dispersion. This study aims to determine the effect of chitosan and sodium alginate as a carrier on the dissolution rate…
Erythromycin belongs to Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class 2, indicating limited solubility, which in turn results in restricted penetration and effectiveness.Incorporating erythromycin into a nanoemulsion delivery system can be a promising approach to overcome its limitations. This study aims to find the optimum formula for erythromycin nanoemulsion with variations in the conc…
Spirulina platensis is a blue-green algae species that contains phycocyanin. The low stability of phycocyanin requires an effective delivery system, one of which is through the process of nanoencapsulation using the ionic gelation method. Potential natural polymers serving as encapsulating agents include chitosan and alginate. Folic acid is among the targeting moieties used for the targeted del…
llmu Farmakologi terus berkembang pesat sehingga buku ini terus direvisi sesuai dengan kebutuhan saat ini. Daftar pustaka utama yang digunakan dalam merevisi buku ini antara lain : 1. Goodman & Gillman's. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed. Mac Millan Publishing Company,1990. 2. Drug Evaluations Annual 1991 , 1992, 1993. American Medical Association. 3. Basic & Clinical Pharm…
Microalgae Chlorella sp. contains phenolic secondary metabolites and carotenoids which have antioxidant activity. Previous studies reported that many of the chemical components of Chlorella such as phenolic compounds, β-carotene, ascorbic acid and tocopherols exhibit antioxidant properties. In this study the aim was to measure the phenolic and carotenoid content of the microalgae Chlorella sp.…
Azitromisin adalah antibiotik golongan makrolida yang termasuk ke dalam BCS (Biopharmaceutical Classification System) kelas II, yang memiliki kelarutan buruk, bioavailabilitas oral yang buruk, dan permeabilitas yang tinggi. Pembuatan dispersi padat Azitromisin dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik kokristalisasi menggunakan metode bead milling (penggilingan) yang dilakukan dengan tujuan memperkec…
Background: The epithelium, or the cervix's outer surface layer, is where cervical cancer develops and spreads within the cervix. Most cases of cervical cancer are discovered at an advanced or even lethal stage. Lower abdominal pain is a common complaint among women with cervical cancer. One of the many difficult responsibilities that cancer patients must bear while ill is pain. Murrotal Al-Qur…
Introduction: is a state of progressive loss of kidney function that results in electrolyte fluids and metabolic waste cannot be removed automatically. Patients with CKD will experience disturbed sleep patterns due to uremic conditions, anxiety, and environmental factors. Non-pharmacological therapy that can be done to overcome sleep pattern disorders is by giving Spiritual Emotional Freedom Te…
Background : Mental disorders (mental disorders) are psychological patterns or behavior of a person which is generally associated with stress or mental disorders that are not considered as normal human development. In Indonesia, the cause of illness or disability is mostly in cases of mental disorders. One of the clinical features of clients with schizophrenia is violent behavior. The problem o…
Background: Mental disorders are a manifestation of a form of behavioral deviation, this occurs due to a decline in all mental functions. One of the mental disorders that is commonly found is the risk of violent behavior. The risk of violent behavior can be controlled with several implementation strategies, including classical music therapy. Purpose: This writing aims to describe nursing care a…