Kolagen merupakan protein struktural utama yang banyak terdapat pada kulit ikan dan berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif, termasuk antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengekstraksi kolagen dari kulit ikan gabus (Channa striata), mengkarakterisasi sifat fisikokimia kolagen yang diperoleh, serta mengevaluasi aktivitas antioksidannya menggunakan metode DPPH dan FRAP. Eks…
This study aims to overcome the solubility and dissolution issues of clarithromycin through a co-grinding solid dispersion system using sodium alginate, chitosan, and variations in the ball-to-powder ratio (BPR). A 23 factorial design via Design-Expert®13 software was applied for the optimization process. The ANOVA results established sodium alginate as the most dominant factor (p < 0.0001) in…
Clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic classified as a biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II drug with low solubility, which results in limited bioavailability. This study aimed to enhance the solubility of clarithromycin by formulating it into a solid dispersion system using sodium alginate and chitosan as polymer matrices, with the addition of an alkalizer to modify the mic…
Hyperlipidemia is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Shallot (Allium cepa L.) peel extract contains flavonoids, particularly quercetin, which has potential antihyperlipidemic activity; however, it is limited by low bioavailability. This study aimed to formulate a chitosan–sodium alginate–based nanosuspension of shallot peel extract and to evaluate its physical characte…
Free radicals are reactive molecules that can induce oxidative stress and contribute to the development of various degenerative diseases. The use of natural antioxidants derived from plants is considered a safer alternative to synthetic antioxidants. The rhizome of fingerroot (Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf.) is known to contain secondary metabolites with potential antioxidant activity; howeve…
Free radical molecules with unstable reactive properties due to the presence of unpaired electrons, so that they can form Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) triggering oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a role in various health disorders so a source of antioxidants is needed to suppress it. The rhizome is one of Indonesia's medicinal plants with the potential as a source of antioxidants becaus…
Onion peel contains flavonoid and phenolic compounds that have potential as antioxidants; however, they have limitations in stability and bioavailability. Onion peel extract has a dark red color and a characteristic onion peel odor, with moisture content, water-soluble extractive content, ethanol-soluble extractive content, and total ash content of 7.33% ± 0.577; 35.33% ± 2.01; 80.8% ± 2.49;…
A study has been conducted to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic activity of the ethanolic extract of winged bean leaves (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC) in male Wistar rats induced by a high-fat and fructose diet. Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: normal group, positive control (simvastatin 0.9 mg/Kg BW), negative control (0.5% NaCMC), and three treatment groups receiving ethano…
Hypertension is a major cardiovascular disease that plays a major role in increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke. Pathophysiologically, hypertension is associated with endothelial dysfunction, decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, increased oxidative stress, and impaired regulation of vascular tone. Conventional antihypertensive therapy still has limitations, so safer and potent…
Cases of hypercholesterolemia continue to increase every year and have become one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Modern antihypercholesterolemic drugs, such as statins, often cause adverse side effects rhabdomyolysis, creating the need for safer therapeutic alternatives. Pelawan leaves (Tristaniopsis merguensis) are a natural ingredient containing various bioactive compou…
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by persistent hy-perglycemia resulting from impaired secretion and/or action of insulin. The in-creasing need for long-term therapy has encouraged the development of antidia-betic agents derived from natural products that are safer and more affordable. Kleinhovia hospita Linn. leaves have been empirically used to reduce blood glu-co…
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or a combination of both. This condition can lead to various complications if not optimally managed. One diabetes control effort that continues to be developed is the use of medicinal plants with antidiabetic potential. The leaves of the sambung nyawa (Gynura pr…
The incidence of Alzheimer’s disease continues to increase and has become one of the major neurodegenerative disorders characterized by a decline in cognitive function, memory, and behavioral changes in the elderly population. Current Alzheimer’s therapy generally relies on synthetic drugs that may cause adverse effects; therefore, safer alternative therapies based on natural products are n…
Piper aduncum L. (sirih hutan) is a tropical plant widely distributed in Indonesia and has been empirically used in various traditional medicinal practices. The leaves of Piper aduncum have been reported to contain bioactive compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, and terpenoids, which possess potential protective effects on the skin against oxidative stress, ultraviolet radiation, and pigment…
Many small- to medium-scale community pharmacies still manage their operations manually or use digital systems that are not yet integrated, resulting in low work efficiency, recording accuracy, inventory control, and reporting speed. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of pharmacy management through the implementation of a mobile-based Pharmacy Management Information System (SIMA) in d…
The development of information technology has driven the transformation of pharmaceutical services, one of which is the implementation of a website-based online drug sales system integrated with a management system and General Point of Sales (GPOS). This study aims to evaluate the implementation of a website-based online drug sales system using GPOS on the effectiveness of pharmaceutical servic…
Sungkai leaves (Peronema canescens Jack) are known to contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, which exhibit antioxidant activity and potential as hepatoprotective agents. This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of ethanol extract of sungkai leaves in male Wistar rats induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) based on SGOT and SGPT levels, as well as macroscopic and his…
Red onion peels (Allium cepa L.) contain quercetin flavonoid compounds that serve antihyperlipidemic activity. This study aimed to formulate phytosome preparations of shallot peel extract and evaluate their characteristics as well as their antihyperlipidemic activity in vivo. The phytosomes were prepared using variations of extract and phosphatidylcholine ratios by the thin-layer hydration meth…
Red onion peels (Allium cepa L.) contain flavonoid, phenolic, and steroid compounds that serve as potential antioxidants. This study aimed to optimize the concentration of polymers and crosslinking agents in a nanosuspension formulation of red onion peel extract prepared using the ionic gelation method. Optimization was conducted using a 22 Factorial Design in Design-Expert 13® software, evalu…
Iron supplements play an important role in maintaining hemoglobin levels in pregnant women. Iron supplement consumption behavior during pregnancy is reflected in the attitudes and compliance levels of pregnant women. Attitudes reflect mothers' tendencies to evaluate health recommendations, while compliance levels indicate the regularity of iron supplement consumption as recommended by health wo…
Anemia during pregnancy is a health problem that can cause serious complications for both the mother and the baby. Regular consumption of iron (Fe) tablets can prevent anemia; however, its effectiveness depends on the pregnant women’s level of knowledge regarding the proper use of Fe tablets. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge of pregnant women about the use of Fe tablets, c…
Adherence to analgesic use is an important factor in the success of low back pain (LBP) patient therapy because it affects pain control and quality of life. This study aims to analyze the relationship between analgesic medication adherence and quality of life in LBP patients at Siti Fatimah General Hospital, South Sumatra Province. This is an observational study with a prospective cross-section…
Sungkai leaves (Peronema canescens Jack) possess various biological activities, including immunostimulatory, antidiabetic, antihyperuricemic, antibacterial, and antiparasitic effects. The leaves contain active compounds such as flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of the extract through toxicity testing and to perform extra…
This study was conducted to evaluate the activity of leunca fruit extract (Solanum nigrum Linn.), which contains flavonoid compounds, on the growth of the probiotic Lactococcus lactis. The combination of leunca fruit extract and L. lactis, each producing secondary metabolites, is expected to enhance the inhibition of Escherichia coli. Antibacterial activity was assessed by measuring the inhibit…
Optimization of the extraction process and testing of the antioxidant activity of Spirulina platensis microalgae extract is important for the development of natural microalgae-based antioxidant sources. Optimization was performed using multilevel factorial design 23 with 24 runs in Design Expert® 13 using three factors, namely solvent type (ethanol, acetone), temperature (25°C, 40°C), and ex…
Pelawan leaves (Tristaniopsis merguensis Griff.) are a plant that contain important secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolic compounds, which have potential roles in regulating lipid metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the effect and effective dose of the ethanolic extract of pelawan leaves in reducing total cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and t…
Hyperthyroidism is a chronic endocrine disorder requiring long-term treatment; therefore, medication adherence plays an important role in therapeutic success and quality of life improvement. Lack of education may lead to poor adherence and negatively affect patients’ condition. This study aimed to analyze the effect of educational intervention on medication adherence and quality of life among…
Bangle rhizome (Zingiber montanum) is a medicinal plant with potential as a natural source of antioxidants owing to its phenolic and flavonoid contents. This study aimed to determine the total flavonoid content (TFC) and total phenolic content (TPC) of the ethanolic extract of a bangle rhizome, to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the selected fractions, and to identify the major antioxidant…
The ethanol extract of breadfruit bark (Artocarpus altilis) contains active compounds such as flavonoids, phenolics, triterpenoids, tannins, and saponins, which exhibit antioxidant effects. This study aims to determine the characteristics, phytochemical profile, and the effect of the ethanol extract of breadfruit bark on antioxidant activity in mice subjected to chronic stress, using malondiald…
Breadfruit bark (Artocarpus altilis) is a medicinal plant containing important secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, and triterpenoids. These compounds are thought to play a role in protecting the gastric mucosa. This study aims to evaluate the antiulcer activity of ethanol extract of breadfruit bark through biochemical parameters, macroscopic, and microscopic analysis …