The bark of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) contains secondary metabolites such as flavonoids and phenolics that have antioxidant potential. This study aimed to determine the effect of breadfruit bark ethanol extract (EEKBS) on Wistar rats induced with gentamicin and piroxicam, causing oxidative stress. A total of 30 test animals were divided into 6 treatment groups, namely the normal group (Na…
Low back pain (LBP) is one of commonly encountered musculoskeletal disorders and may lead to physical function limitations and decreased quality of life. Pharmacological therapy commonly used in the management of LBP includes combinations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with Paracetamol or muscle relaxants as adjuvant therapy. This study aimed to analyze the differences in phy…
Synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with the risk of serious adverse effects, highlighting the need for safer alternatives. Pepper elder (Peperomia pellucida L.) has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in male rats; however, studies in female rats and data regarding its safety remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity in female Wist…
Typhoid fever is a common infectious disease in Indonesia and may lead to serious complications if not managed appropriately. This study aimed to evaluate the rationality of drug therapy in hospitalized typhoid fever patients based on eight parameters of appropriateness. This research employed a prospective descriptive analytical design. Data were obtained from patients’ medical records and d…
Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is one of the most common diseases encountered among adult patients in healthcare facilities. This study aims to evaluate drug prescribing patterns and analyze their compliance with the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia's therapy guidelines for adult ARI patients at the Sukarami Public Health Center (Puskesmas) in Palembang. This study employed a …
Ethanol extract of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) stem bark is known to contain flavonoid compounds suspected to have potential as an antidepressant agent. This study was conducted to determine the effect and optimal concentration of the ethanol extract of breandruit stem bark for depression treatment. The test animals were divided into six groups: normal group (Na-CMC), negative group (Na-CMC…
The number of diabetes mellitus cases continues to increase each year. Antidiabetic drugs are essential for individuals with diabetes, particularly type 2, to control blood glucose levels. However, commonly used modern antidiabetic drugs are often associated with adverse side effects. Therefore, natural products such as karamunting leaves (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk.) have been investi…
Diabetes melitus is a chronic disease with a steadily increasing global prevalence, posing a significant concern in public health. This metabolic disorder is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, which may lead to long-term complications if not managed properly. Conventional pharmacological therapies are commonly used to regulate glucose levels, but long-term use carries a risk of ser…
Thrombosis is a condition in which a blood clot (thrombus) forms in a blood vessel. Treatment involves antithrombotic agents such as anticoagulants, and researchers developed silver-magnetite nanoparticles (Ag-Fe₃O₄) using a green synthesis method using robusta coffee bean extract (Coffea canephora) containing chlorogenic acid as a natural reducing, stabilizing, and thrombolytic agent. The …
Thrombosis is a leading global cause of cardiovascular diseases. While anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, and thrombolytic therapies are the standard clinical treatments, iron oxide nanoparticles offer an alternative approach due to their ability to accumulate at sites of inflammation, such as thrombi and atherosclerotic plaques. These nanoparticles can act as photothermal agents, absorbing l…
Thrombosis is a condition that occurs due to an imbalance in the hemostasis system characterized by the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in the blood vessel wall so that it can cause ischemic stroke disease. The anti-thrombotic drugs commonly used are thrombolytics. These drugs contain fibrinolytic enzymes such as protease enzymes. Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) is known to have an an…
Thrombosis caused by blood clot formation can lead to serious complications. Conventional therapies carry a risk of bleeding, making photothermal therapy based on optical-magnetic nanoparticles such as AgNO₃ and Fe₃O₄ a safer alternative. These nanoparticles are synthesized via green synthesis using butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) extract, which contains flavonoids and anthocy…
One of the special toxicity tests is the teratogenic test which is carried out to obtain information on the presence of fetal abnormalities that occur due to the administration of test preparations during the formation of fetal organs (organogenesis period) and to complete safety data from the melinjo plant. The doses given were 69.48, 104.22, 138.96 and 173.7 mg/kgBW. The administration of the…
Kersen leaves (Muntingia Calabura L) contain secondary metabolite compounds alkaloids, flavonoids and tanins. The use of herbal medicine during pregnancy needs to be considered because the drug can cross the placenta so that it can cause teratogenic effects on the fetus. Teratogenic toxicity research on the ethanol fraction of kersen leaves (Muntingia Calabura L) has been conducted to determine…
Acne is a condition characterized by the accumulation of sebum from sebaceous glands in the skin layers, which often stimulates the growth of acne-causing bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus. Acne treatment can be performed using acne patches; however, commercial acne patches are only capable of absorbing sebum without providing antibacterial activity. This study aimed to enhance therapeuti…
Bunga kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) dikenal sebagai bunga khas Asia tenggara famili Zingiberaceae dengan warna merah menyala dan bau khas. Pemanfaatan sediaan orally dissolving film (ODF) dapat menetralisir rasa asam pada bunga kecombrang. Variasi konsentrasi ekstrak etanol bunga kecombrang 0,5%, 0,6%, 0,7%. Evalusi sediaan untuk menentukan formula terbaik meliputi organoleptis, ketebalan, bob…
Essential oil is one of the non-oil and gas export commodities, gambir is one of the sap-producing plants used for industrial and pharmaceutical purposes, how much gambir essential oil and yield obtained and what components are contained in gambir essential oil, and how much yield is obtained, knowing the components contained in gambir essential oil (Uncaria Gambir Roxb), the research method us…
Hyperlipidemia is a metabolic disorder that acts as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This condition is often accompanied by various complications such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and ischemic heart disease, which causes higher complexity of therapy. The complexity of treatment in hyperlipidemia patients increases the potential for Drug-Related Problems (DRPs), which can a…
This study aims to evaluate the potential of ethanol extract of putat leaves (Barringtonia acutangula) in stimulating the growth of probiotic Bifidobacterium longum and test its ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic Escherichia coli bacteria. Bifidobacterium longum is one of the lactic acid bacteria that are beneficial for human gut health, while E. coli bacteria are known as opportunisti…
Diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli infections remains a significant public health problem in developing countries, including Indonesia. Overuse of antibiotics can lead to resistance, so alternatives are needed. Putat leaves (Barringtonia acutangula) contain the flavonoid quercetin, which has prebiotic and antibacterial potential. This study aims to investigate the effect of putat leaf extract …
Chinese betel leaf (peperomia pellucida) contains secondary metabolite compounds such as flavonoids and terpenoids that have potential as antioxidants. This study aims to determine the effect of giving extracts and fractions of Chinese betel herb invivo on male Wistar rats induced oxidative stress by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The 30 test animals were divided into 6 treatment groups, namely t…
Acacia leaves (Acacia Mangium Wild) contain secondary metabolite compounds of flavonoids in the form of quercetin which have the potential as antidepressants. This study aims to determine the effect of giving ethanol extract of acacia leaves and its effective dose on antidepressant activity. This study used 30 test animals which were divided into 6 groups, namely, the normal group (1 NaCMC with…
Pharmaceutical services are an important aspect of health facilities that directly affect patient satisfaction, one such service is prescription services. Patients often complain about waiting time for prescription services because it impacts their experience obtaining health services. The objective of this study evaluates how waiting time towards prescription services affects outpatient satisf…
Staphylococcus aureus infection is caused by a bacterium that colonizes various organs in the human body, particularly the upper respiratory tract, including the skin, nasal cavity, axilla, and inguinal area. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus, known as MRSA and VRSA, presents a significant challenge in the treatment of such infections. Natural products, such as the torch ginger fl…
Daun kencana ungu (Ruellia tuberosa L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang dimanfaatkan secara luas sebagai obat tradisional. Daun kencana ungu memiliki aktivitas farmakologis sebagai antihiperglikemia, antidiabetes, dan antihipertensi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui toksisitas subkronis ekstrak etanol daun kencana ungu terhadap tikus putih jantan galur Wistar. Pada pene…
Paliasa (Kleinhovia hospita L.) belongs to Malvaceae family with high potential as a medicinal plant because it contains flavonoids,tannins,saponins, steroids and phenolic compounds. This study aims to measure total phenolic content and antioxidant power in extracts and fractions of stem bark, leaves, and root bark of Paliasa and the correlation between antioxidant and total phenolic. Testing t…
Daun singkong (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) terbukti sebagai antibakteri karena kandungan senyawa rutin yang tinggi. Transfersom mampu berpenetrasi melintasi stratum korneum untuk meningkatkan efek antibakteri senyawa rutin pada fraksi etil asetat daun singkong dengan hidrofilisitasnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan formula transfersom fraksi etil asetat daun singkong dengan varia…
Transdermal patch was chosen to manage the delivery system of the antibacterial compound in cassava leaves, which is rutin, that is hydrophilic. Plasticizer is one of the additional ingredients of transdermal patches that can maintain the bioavailability of a drug. Transdermal patch formulation with active cassava leaf ethyl acetate fraction ingredients and 3 variations of PEG-400 concentration…
Free radicals are dangerous because they can cause degenerative disease. Free radicals can be neutralized by antioxidants. Plants that has potential as an antioxidant is gelam (Melaleuca leucadendra (L.) L.). Gelam leaves contain phenolics, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins, and saponins that have pharmacological activity as antioxidants. The study aimed to determine the characterist…
Ibuprofen is included in the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class II, namely drugs with irregular, slow and incomplete absorption properties. The combination of chitosan polymer with sodium alginate will increase the solubility of ibuprofen without causing systemic toxicity. Making a solid dispersion of ibuprofen using the co-grinding technique is carried out with the aim of redu…