Hipertensi adalah keadaan seseorang yang mengalami kenaikan tekanan darah diatas normal yaitu sistolik dan diastolik diatas 140/90 mmHg. Dalam proses terapinya, JNC8, AHA/ACC dan ESC menerbitkan pedoman terapi hipertensi dan merekomendasikan terapi lini pertama antara lain golongan ACEI, CCB, ARB dan obat diuretik golongan thiazid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat penggunaan obat menurut …
Acne is a condition characterized by the accumulation of sebum from sebaceous glands in the skin layers, which often stimulates the growth of acne-causing bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus. Acne treatment can be performed using acne patches; however, commercial acne patches are only capable of absorbing sebum without providing antibacterial activity. This study aimed to enhance therapeuti…
Temu ireng (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.) is one of the medicinal plants that has been reported to have antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotector activities, but this plant has not been widely studied regarding its toxicity. This study conducted an acute toxicity test of ethanol extract of temu ireng rhizome against female Wistar strain rats using the Acute Toxic Class meth…
Bunga kecombrang (Etlingera elatior) dikenal sebagai bunga khas Asia tenggara famili Zingiberaceae dengan warna merah menyala dan bau khas. Pemanfaatan sediaan orally dissolving film (ODF) dapat menetralisir rasa asam pada bunga kecombrang. Variasi konsentrasi ekstrak etanol bunga kecombrang 0,5%, 0,6%, 0,7%. Evalusi sediaan untuk menentukan formula terbaik meliputi organoleptis, ketebalan, bob…
Essential oil is one of the non-oil and gas export commodities, gambir is one of the sap-producing plants used for industrial and pharmaceutical purposes, how much gambir essential oil and yield obtained and what components are contained in gambir essential oil, and how much yield is obtained, knowing the components contained in gambir essential oil (Uncaria Gambir Roxb), the research method us…
Hyperlipidemia is a metabolic disorder that acts as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This condition is often accompanied by various complications such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and ischemic heart disease, which causes higher complexity of therapy. The complexity of treatment in hyperlipidemia patients increases the potential for Drug-Related Problems (DRPs), which can a…
This study aims to evaluate the potential of ethanol extract of putat leaves (Barringtonia acutangula) in stimulating the growth of probiotic Bifidobacterium longum and test its ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic Escherichia coli bacteria. Bifidobacterium longum is one of the lactic acid bacteria that are beneficial for human gut health, while E. coli bacteria are known as opportunisti…
Diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli infections remains a significant public health problem in developing countries, including Indonesia. Overuse of antibiotics can lead to resistance, so alternatives are needed. Putat leaves (Barringtonia acutangula) contain the flavonoid quercetin, which has prebiotic and antibacterial potential. This study aims to investigate the effect of putat leaf extract …
Chinese betel leaf (peperomia pellucida) contains secondary metabolite compounds such as flavonoids and terpenoids that have potential as antioxidants. This study aims to determine the effect of giving extracts and fractions of Chinese betel herb invivo on male Wistar rats induced oxidative stress by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The 30 test animals were divided into 6 treatment groups, namely t…
Acacia leaves (Acacia Mangium Wild) contain secondary metabolite compounds of flavonoids in the form of quercetin which have the potential as antidepressants. This study aims to determine the effect of giving ethanol extract of acacia leaves and its effective dose on antidepressant activity. This study used 30 test animals which were divided into 6 groups, namely, the normal group (1 NaCMC with…
Nutrasetikal adalah sejenis makanan yang memiliki manfaat untuk kesehatan secara medis, termasuk pencegahan dan pengobatan penyakit. Makanan seperti ini sering disebut functional foods, yang menandakan bahwa komponennya dapat memberikan manfaat untuk kesehatan, lebih dari sekedar nutrisi dasar, contohnya sayuran dan buah-buahan serta makanan yang telah diperkaya (portified). Dalam proses pengem…
Pharmaceutical services are an important aspect of health facilities that directly affect patient satisfaction, one such service is prescription services. Patients often complain about waiting time for prescription services because it impacts their experience obtaining health services. The objective of this study evaluates how waiting time towards prescription services affects outpatient satisf…
Staphylococcus aureus infection is caused by a bacterium that colonizes various organs in the human body, particularly the upper respiratory tract, including the skin, nasal cavity, axilla, and inguinal area. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus, known as MRSA and VRSA, presents a significant challenge in the treatment of such infections. Natural products, such as the torch ginger fl…
Thrombosis is caused by the formation of abnormal blood clots in arterial or venous vessels, which obstruct blood flow. Conventional thrombolytic therapies, such as streptokinase and alteplase, carry a high risk of systemic bleeding. As an alternative, thrombolytic therapy using gold nanoparticles synthesized with green synthesis approach utilizes breadfruit peel extract (Artocarpus altilis) as…
Cefixime is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with low water solubility, which limits its absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and affects its therapeutic effectiveness. To address this limitation, a submicroparticle formulation of chitosan-alginate loaded with cefixime was developed using the ionic gelation method with CaCl₂ as a cross-linker. This approach aims to enhance the solubility, stab…
Thrombosis can trigger diseases such as ischemic stroke and acute myocardial infarction. Thrombosis therapy is usually administered with antiplatelets, anticoagulants, and thrombolytic agents. Unlike antiplatelets and anticoagulants which are preventive, thrombolytic agents work directly to dissolve thrombus, for example tPA. Tempe bongkrek is a food fermented by Rhizopus oligosporus fungus tha…
Excessive sweat production caused body odor to appear in certain parts of the body, one of which was Staphylococcus aureus. Deodorant lotion was applied to the armpit as a topical antibacterial preparation. Deodorant lotion was prepared with different concentrations of patchouli essential oil of 0%, 5%, 7%, and 10%. The deodorant lotion was tested for physical properties including organoleptic,…
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition of impaired kidney function that is influenced by clinical factors such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, autoimmune, infection, or with other complications so that therapy involves polypharmacy. Polypharmacy therapy is thought to cause an increased risk of Drug Related Problems (DRPs). The purpose of this study was to analyze DRPs in CKD patients a…
Hypertension treatment must be accompanied by compliance with medication consumption and good blood pressure management, otherwise this condition can be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in various countries including Indonesia. Hypertension therapy is highly dependent on the level of patient compliance in undergoing treatment to maintaining blood pressure stability, increasing the effec…
Hypertension is one of the most common diseases in geriatric patients. The use of various antihypertensive drugs can increase the risk of drug interactions. Drug interactions occur when two or more drugs are given simultaneously, so that they affect each other and have the potential to cause undesirable effects. The purpose of this study was to identify patterns of antihypertensive drug interac…
Green betel leaves (Piper betle L.) contain flavonoids, tannins, and saponins that have the potential as natural hemostatic agents. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract of green betel leaves on bleeding time and blood clotting time in male mice (Mus musculus), and to determine its effective dose. This study was divided into five treatment groups, namely negative control (1…
Bandotan leaves (Ageratum conyzoides L.) contain flavonoid and tannin compounds that act as hemostatic agents. This study aims to determine the most optimal hemostasis effect of varying doses of ethanol extract of bandotan leaves on male mice (Mus musculus). This study used five groups of male mice as samples which were divided into negative control group (NaCMC), positive control (tranexamic a…
This study aims to evaluate the stability and penetration of transfersome serum formulated with 96% ethanol extract of red onion skin (Allium cepa). The results of this research are expected to serve as a foundation for developing pharmaceutical products based on natural ingredients for hair care. Red onion skin (Allium cepa) extract contains secondary metabolite compounds, specifically quercet…
Alpha-mangostin as the main xanthone compound in mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana L.), exhibits pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, making it a potential candidate for topical formulations. However, due to its limited penetration, a transethosome based patch is needed to optimize its effectiveness and usability. This study aims to develop a transethosomal patch preparat…
Myocardial infarction and stroke are the most serious cases of thrombosis and contribute to the global mortality rate. Clinically, thrombosis management therapy is generally given antithrombosis in the form of anticoagulants, antiplatelets, and thrombolytics. Black soybean tempeh is a food fermented with Rhizopus oligosporus fungus. The fungus is rich in proteolytic enzymes, which have strong p…
Mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) has alpha mangostin compounds that have very strong antioxidant activity. Transethosomes have better vesicle elasticity and penetration levels so that they can increase the effectiveness of alpha mangostin. This study aims to determine the optimum formula of transethosomes from variations of 96% ethanol concentrations of 20% and 40% with tween 80…
Mangosteen peel extract contains alpha-mangostin which accelerates wound healing by stimulating fibroblasts, increasing collagen synthesis, and has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Alpha-mangostin transethosomes were developed to improve transdermal delivery because of their better skin penetration and high bioavailability. For ease of use, transethosomes are formulated in gel fo…
Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) is a plant that is widely used in traditional medicine because it contains bioactive compounds with potential antioxidant activity. This study aims to test the antioxidant activity of 96% ethanol extract and N-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction of leaves and melinjo fruit skin using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. Extraction was carried out by th…
Free radicals can cause cell damage that leads to various degenerative diseases. Papaya (Carica papaya L.) contains a variety of antioxidant compounds including vitamins C, A, and E, carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids and papain that can protect cells from free radical damage. In the emiprit, the roots and leaves are used as a diuretic, the seeds and leaves as anthelmintics, and the …
Pineapple, banana, and potato peels contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and phenolics, which have the potential to act as antioxidants and protective agents against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This study aims to optimize a sunscreen cream formulation using flavonoid and phenolic compounds extracted from the eco-enzyme fermentation process of these waste materials, with the addition o…