Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease characterized by hyperglycemia and metabolic disorders of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins associated with absolute or relative deficiency of insulin action and or secretion. Eating patterns is the type and amount of food consumed, food patterns, including lifestyle in choosing where to eat and the type of food consumed is one of the factors causing diabetes…
Purple sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea batatas L.) have many health benefits, but there are not enough studies on safety when used during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the teratogenic effect of the n-hexane fraction of purple sweet potato leaves on mice fetuses. In this study there were 4 groups, namely control (NaCMC), P1 (140 mg/kgBW), P2 (280 mg/kgBW), and P3 (560 mg/kgB…
Klindamisin HCl adalah golongan obat antibiotik kelas III dimana solubilitasnya tinggi sedangkan permeabilitasnya rendah berdasarkan Biopharmaceutical Classification System. Formulasi topical konvensional menggunakan antibiotic tersebut akan mengalami kendala yang disebabkan dari permeabilitasnya yang buruk sulit untuk menembus lapisan kulit stratum kornuem. Hal ini menghambat klindamisin hcl u…
Sunscreen is a cosmetic product that physically and chemically can prevent the penetration of UV ray into the skin. Rose leaves (Rosa chinensis Jacq.) have potential of being sunscreen because it contains phenolic, flavonoid and tannin compounds that have the ability to absorb UV ray. The formulation of sunscreen gel is conducted using the combination of HPMC and carbopol as a gelling agent. Th…
Urinary tract infection is an infection of microorganism in the urinary tract including the urethra, bladder, ureters, or kidneys. The main treatment for UTIs is antibiotics. The high use of antibiotics related to UTI will increase the incidence of antibiotic resistance so that the clinical desired is not achieved. Antibiotic resistance control is needed one of which is to evaluate the use of a…
Ketidakrasionalan obat akan memunculkan berbagai efek samping, biaya pengobatan yang mahal, serta resistensi terhadap pemakaian antibiotik. Pneumonia merupakan infeksi di jaringan paru yang disebabkan oleh berbagai mikroorganisme, seperti bakteri, virus, parasit, jamur, pajanan bahan kimia atau kerusakan fisik paru. Terapi utama yang diberikan pada pasien pneumonia adalah antibiotik. Meningkatn…
Klindamisin HCl memiliki masalah formulasi secara topikal yang menyebabkan penetrasi obat ke dalam kulit kurang optimal dalam mengatasi bakteri penyebab jerawat. Klindamisin HCl yang digunakan secara topikal dengan kadar 1% tetapi rata-rata hanya 4% sampai 5% klindamisin yang diserap ke dalam kulit sehingga diperlukan penggunaan berulang untuk mencapai efeknya. Etosom biner klindamisin HCl dapa…
Clindamycin HCl has problem of penetration into the skin, only 1% to 3% of the applied dose of clindamycin HCl can be absorbed into the skin for 24 hours so that ethosomes are expected to be a delivering clindamycin HCl in penetration into the skin with the ability to fusion with skin lipids and high deformability. This study aims to optimize the ethosomes formula for clindamycin HCl with varia…
Chinese ketepeng leaves contain active compounds of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, anthraquinones, and flavonoids as antibacterials. This study aims to determine the antidiarrheal activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of Chinese ketepeng leaves induced by Escherichia coli bacteria. This research was conducted by experimental method. The treatment group was divided into seven groups: n…
Breadfruit flour (Artocarpus altilIs) contains oligosaccharide compounds in the form of raffinose which act as natural prebiotics with low levels, so it is necessary to modify them to improve their prebiotic properties. This study aims to modify breadfruit flour into resistant starch (RS3) by analyzing the effect of unmodified breadfruit flour, modification with fermentation and autoclaving-coo…
The stages of developing traditional medicines into phytopharmaca include the selection stage, preclinical testing, simple standardization, identification determination and standardized preparation preparation as well as clinical trials. Purple sweet potato leaves contain flavonoids and tannins, flavonoids which are antioxidants which function to inhibit cholesterol synthesis. This study aims t…
Purple sweet potato leaves has pharmachology activities such as antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-mutagenic activity, immune modulation, hepatoprotector and its n-hexane fraction has antihyperlipidemic activity. This study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of purple sweet potato leaves n-hexane fraction of which included the toxic doses, the effect on biochemical, macroscopic and histo…
Semprawang (Dillenia ochreata) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat yang digunakan secara tradisional untuk pengobatan luka. Daun semprawang juga telah dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas sebagai antibakteri, antiinflamasi, aktivitas penyembuhan luka dan aktivitas analgesik, namun tumbuhan ini belum diketahui tingkat keamanan penggunaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat toksisitas subk…
ABSTRACT Clindamycin HCl is used in the treatment of acne. Development of an ethosomal delivery system to overcome the problem of penetration of clindamycin HCl into the skin layer. The aim of this study was to obtain good ethosomal characteristics of clindamycin HCl by optimization process. Optimization was carried out using a factorial design method of 22 through Design-Expert 12® with a pho…
Antioxidant is agent that can bind free radicals and has potential as anti aging. The problem of skin aging has occurred in the community caused by free radicals. Therefore we need a cosmetic preparation that can overcome skin aging. Chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris) has a natural antioxidant activity that can be derived from secondary metabolites such as flavonoids and phenolics that can be used …
Liquid lipstick is a product that functions as a lip blush for aesthetic purposes as well as lip moisturizer. This cosmetic is used repeatedly through an applicator to the lips, so the preparation is at risk of being contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, the role of preservatives is important in it. Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) in this study was used as an oil base as well as a preser…
Red Ginger Essential Oil and Virgin Coconut Oil are known to have antibacterial activity which is sensitive to Gram-positive bacteria Staphlococus epidermidis. This study aims to determine the dominant combination of the two oils or a single that has antibacterial properties. The test is carried out by testing the characteristics of the chemical physical properties. The antibacterial activity t…
Diuretics are drugs that can increase the rate of urine formation. Cempedak (Artocarpus champeden) contains phenolic compounds potentially as diuretics. This study aims to determine the diuretic activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of cempedak leaves. The total phenolic level of ethyl acetate of the epoxy leaf is determined using a UV spectrophotometer at a maximum wave rate of 744 nm. The di…
Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus L.) and ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) plants have secondary metabolites in the form of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins and essential oils that can act as antimicrobials. Citronella compounds from citronella and zingeron compounds from ginger can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans fungal cells. This study aims to formulate essential oil…
The ethanolic extract of Mangkokan leaf (Polyscias scutellaria (Burm.f.) Fosberg.) contains flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic, saponins, and steroids that are potentially active as analgesics and anti-inflammatory with their ability to inhibit the formation of prostaglandins the main mediators of pain and inflammation. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the extract and to evaluat…
Kepok banana peel (musa paradisiaca L) contain flavonoid compound that can be made as antioxidant source to ward off free radicala. Peel-off mask is one of alternative preparations that can enchance user convenience and is expected to increase antioxidant activity of kepok banana flour. This research aims to determine the effect of variations in kepok banan flour concentration, PVA and gelatin …
Catechins have low membrane permeability and poor absorption in the gastrointestinal track (GIT). SNE can increase the % dissolution of the active substance because the active substance is dissolved in the nano oil globules which are wrapped by a layer of surfactant and cosurfactant. The concentration of SNE components is determined by performing an optimization process assisted by I-optimal mi…
Lipstick is a type of lip color cosmetic that is currently in great demand by consumers. The quality of liquid lipstick is influenced by its constituent components such as oil and wax. Repeated use of liquid lipstick can cause the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum formula (optimization) and to determine the antibacterial activity ag…
Gagal jantung kongestif merupakan salah satu kelompok penyakit kardiovaskular dengan jumlah prevalensi yang terus meningkat setiap tahun. Penggunaan kombinasi obat antihipertensi merupakan terapi yang sering diterima, khususnya kombinasi diuretik dan ACEI/ARB dan kombinasi diuretik, ACEI/ARB, dan β-bloker. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi efektivitas penggunaan kombinasi diuretik…
Inulin merupakan salah satu sumber prebiotik yaitu komponen yang tidak dapat dicerna oleh saluran pencernaan secara enzimatis sehingga akan difermentasi oleh bakteri probiotik di usus besar. Pemberian inulin 0,5% kedalam media efektif dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengenkapsulasian inulin dengan metode gelasi ionik te…
A research regarding formulation and optimization of gel from erythromycin submicro particles using gelling agent HPMC 60-SH has been conducted. The concentration of HPMC 60-SH was used 2% for first formula, 4% for second formula, and 6% for third formula. Based of the observation result showed that HPMC 60-SH 2% has been produced a gel with highest quality than any other formula. The test resu…
ABSTRACT The title of this study was “The Development of Pocket Book teaching material in the eleven grade History Lesson at the senior highschool number 1 Belitang” contained the data about the fifth days fifth nights battle in Palembang. The aim of this study was how to develop Pocket Book teaching material in the eleven grade History Lesson at the senior highschool number 1 Belitang that…
VCO merupakan pangan fungsional yang sering dikonsumsi untuk dijadikan sebagai alternatif dalam meningkatkan kesehatan. Didalam tubuh terdapat bakteri probiotik yang merupakan mikroflora normal usus, contoh bakteri probiotik itu ialah L. bulgaricus. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh VCO terhadap aktivitas bakteri probiotik L. bulgaricus yang ada didalam tubuh. Uji pertumbuhan …