The content in kaffir lime leaf essential oil is proven to have antibacterial properties that can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that cause body odor. The purpose of this study was to make a deodorant lotion from the active ingredient kaffir lime leaf essential oil and to perform antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus aureus. Deodorant lotion made with different conc…
Butterfly pea flowers (Clitoria ternatea L.) contains secondary metabolites of anthocyanins and flavonoids which have antidiabetic activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of lowering blood glucose levels of the ethanol fraction of butterfly pea flowers. The experimental divided into 6 groups namely normal and negative control groups with 0.5% NaCMC, positive contr…
Kencana Ungu (Ruellia tuberosa L.) leaves are known to contain secondary metabolites of flavonoids which have antidiabetic activity. The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of reducing blood glucose levels of the ethyl acetate fraction of kencana ungu leaves. This study was divided into 6 groups, namely the normal group (0.5% Na-CMC suspension), positive control (1 IU/kg…
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease characterized by hyperglycemia and metabolic disorders of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins associated with absolute or relative deficiency of insulin action and or secretion. Eating patterns is the type and amount of food consumed, food patterns, including lifestyle in choosing where to eat and the type of food consumed is one of the factors causing diabetes…
Purple sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea batatas L.) have many health benefits, but there are not enough studies on safety when used during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the teratogenic effect of the n-hexane fraction of purple sweet potato leaves on mice fetuses. In this study there were 4 groups, namely control (NaCMC), P1 (140 mg/kgBW), P2 (280 mg/kgBW), and P3 (560 mg/kgB…
Kersen (Mutingia calabura L.) leaves have pharmacological effect as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antihyperuricemia, antiobesity, antidiarhheal, antihyperlipidemic, analgesic, anthelmintic. Kersen leaves contain secondary metabolites, alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, steroids. High flavonoid compounds require toxicity testing. This study aimed to determine the acute toxici…
Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) adalah infeksi yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue yang ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes. Penyakit DBD termasuk penyakit dengan tingkat kematian kasus yang terus meningkat setiap tahunnya, pada tahun 2021 mencapai 0,96%. Pemberian terapi suportif dan simptomatik yang sesuai dapat mempengaruhi keberhasilan terapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubunga…
Spirulina platensis contains flavonoids and carotenoids which have pharmacological activity as antioxidants. This study aims to determine the content of phenolic and carotenoid compounds and antioxidant activity contained in Spirulina platensis microalgae using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-pikrihidrazyl) and FRAP (Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power) methods. The content of phenolic compounds obtaine…
Daun ketepeng cina diketahui memiliki efek farmakologi sebagai antidiabetes alami dikarenakan mengandung senyawa flavonoid berupa kuarsetin yang mampu menghambat enzim α-glukosidase untuk menurunkan kadar glukosa dalam darah. Efektivitas dan bioavailibilitas ekstrak yang cenderung rendah sehingga dibuat sediaan dengan sistem penghantaran nanopartikel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulas…
Purple sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea batatas L.) is one of the traditional medicinal plants that needs to know the safety level of its use, one of which is by subchronic toxicity test. This study was conducted to determine the toxic effects of the n-hexane fraction of I. batatas leaves on wistar male white rats. Parameters observed included body weight, hematological examination, blood biochemis…
The irrationality of high-use antibiotics for infectious diseases can cause the result of failing to achieve therapeutic goals. One of these contagious diseases is bronchopneumonia, a condition with inflammation in the lungs marked by infiltrate spots around the bronchi. Bronchopneumonia is one of the leading infectious causes of death in children under five. This study aims to examine and eval…
Daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) merupakan tanaman herbal yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengobati penyakit diare. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat aktivitas ekstrak etanol daun sirsak terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri probiotik Lactobacillus plantarum serta kemampuannya dalam menghambat bakteri patogen Escherichia coli. Metode uji pertumbuhan L. plantarum menggunakan metode Total Plate Count (…
Liquid lipstick is a cosmetic type of lip color that is currently in great demand by consumers. Repeated use of liquid lipstick can cause the growth of pathogenic microbes such as Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Chitooligosaccharide is a derivative of chitosan resulting from the deacetylation of chitin and has been widely reported to have biological activity as an antimicrobial. Thi…
Klindamisin HCl adalah golongan obat antibiotik kelas III dimana solubilitasnya tinggi sedangkan permeabilitasnya rendah berdasarkan Biopharmaceutical Classification System. Formulasi topical konvensional menggunakan antibiotic tersebut akan mengalami kendala yang disebabkan dari permeabilitasnya yang buruk sulit untuk menembus lapisan kulit stratum kornuem. Hal ini menghambat klindamisin hcl u…
Ethanol extract of temu ireng rhizome (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.) contains many efficacious secondary metabolites, one of which is flavonoid, phenolic, and curcuminoid. The compound is thought to have the potential to be gastroprotective. This research aimed to determine the effect of differences in the dose of ethanol extract of temu ireng rhizome as gastroprotective on the evaluation parameter…
Kepok banana (Musa paradisiaca formatypica) contains inulin and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) which act as natural prebiotics. This research was conducted to analyze the effect of kepok banana flour before and after modification with high pressure heating on the growth of L. plantarum using Design Expert 12®. Test standardization of the quality of banana flour kepok based on SNI 01-3751-2009. Mo…
Javanese ginseng leaves (Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn) contains flavonoid compounds, one of which is quercetin as an antibacterial. This study aims to determine the variation in calcium chloride concentration as a crosslinker against the submicro particles produced and determine its antibacterial ability compared to Javanese ginseng leaf extract without polymers. Making submicro particles…
Azithromycin is a macrolide-derived antibiotic compound that is poorly water soluble. Various technologies are reported to overcome the solubility problem of poorly soluble drugs, one of which is solid dispersion technology. Solid dispersion refers to a group of solid products consisting of at least two different components, generally a hydrophilic matrix and a hydrophobic drug. Solid dispersio…
Sunscreen is a cosmetic product that physically and chemically can prevent the penetration of UV ray into the skin. Rose leaves (Rosa chinensis Jacq.) have potential of being sunscreen because it contains phenolic, flavonoid and tannin compounds that have the ability to absorb UV ray. The formulation of sunscreen gel is conducted using the combination of HPMC and carbopol as a gelling agent. Th…
Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus) pada bijinya mengandung senyawa oligosakarida yang dapat berperan sebagai prebiotik alami dengan kadar yang rendah, sehingga perlu dimodifikasi untuk meningkatkan sifat prebiotiknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh modifikasi tepung biji nangka dengan fermentasi menggunakan L. plantarum dan autoclaving-cooling 3 siklus terhadap pertumbuhan L.…
Urinary tract infection is an infection of microorganism in the urinary tract including the urethra, bladder, ureters, or kidneys. The main treatment for UTIs is antibiotics. The high use of antibiotics related to UTI will increase the incidence of antibiotic resistance so that the clinical desired is not achieved. Antibiotic resistance control is needed one of which is to evaluate the use of a…
Ketidakrasionalan obat akan memunculkan berbagai efek samping, biaya pengobatan yang mahal, serta resistensi terhadap pemakaian antibiotik. Pneumonia merupakan infeksi di jaringan paru yang disebabkan oleh berbagai mikroorganisme, seperti bakteri, virus, parasit, jamur, pajanan bahan kimia atau kerusakan fisik paru. Terapi utama yang diberikan pada pasien pneumonia adalah antibiotik. Meningkatn…
Purple sweet potato leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids, quinones, steroids, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, polyphenolics and tannins which are anti-atherosclerotic. This study aims to determine the effect of giving the ethanol fraction of purple sweet potato leaves on rat blood flow and coagulation factors and its effect on the histopathological picture of the rat aorta induced by high-fat sup…
Research has been carried out on the anti-oxidant potence of kecombrang (Etlingera elatior), which includes the determination of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the extract, and the fractions of the kecombrang (E.elatior) plant. Determination of total phenolic content with gallic acid standard using Follin Ciocalteu reagent. The principle of this test is the formation of a bl…
Luka terbuka merupakan luka yang mengakibatkan kerusakan pada kulit jika diabaikan akan terjadi infeksi. Tanaman obat yang telah diteliti dan dimanfaatkan untuk penyembuhan luka terbuka salah satunya yaitu daun kardia (Bellucia pentamera Naudin). Daun kardia (Bellucia pentamera Naudin) mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin, tannin, fenolik, dan triterpenoid sebagai antijamur, antivirus, antibak…
Klindamisin HCl memiliki masalah formulasi secara topikal yang menyebabkan penetrasi obat ke dalam kulit kurang optimal dalam mengatasi bakteri penyebab jerawat. Klindamisin HCl yang digunakan secara topikal dengan kadar 1% tetapi rata-rata hanya 4% sampai 5% klindamisin yang diserap ke dalam kulit sehingga diperlukan penggunaan berulang untuk mencapai efeknya. Etosom biner klindamisin HCl dapa…
Daun pucuk idat mengandung metabolit sekunder yaitu flavonoid, saponin, tanin, triterpenoid, steroid, dan fenolik yang memiliki aktivitas farmakologi sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik ekstrak etanol, pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol dan fraksi daun pucuk idat terhadap aktivitas antioksidan dengan mengukur kadar MDA, penentuan aktivitas enzim katalase,…
The ethyl acetate fraction of purple sweet potato leaves contains secondary metabolites of flavonoids, tannins, and phenols, which are thought to have antihyperlipidemic activity. The aim of this study was to determine the antihyperlipidemic activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of purple sweet potato leaves in male albino rats by measuring total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL, as wel…
Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) leaf contain beta carotene compounds which have antihyperlipidemia activity. This study aims to determine the antihyperlipidemia effect of n-hexane fraction of purple sweet potato leaves on total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL levels in rat serum induced by PTU and high fat supplements. This study divided into 6 groups, normal group, posit…
Clindamycin HCl has problem of penetration into the skin, only 1% to 3% of the applied dose of clindamycin HCl can be absorbed into the skin for 24 hours so that ethosomes are expected to be a delivering clindamycin HCl in penetration into the skin with the ability to fusion with skin lipids and high deformability. This study aims to optimize the ethosomes formula for clindamycin HCl with varia…