Hypertension provides a major risk factor for cardiovascular and kidney disease. One of a therapy that used to treat a hypertension is diuretics. Gamal (Gliricidia sepium)contains flavonoid compounds which have diuretic effect. This study aims to determined activity of ethyl acetate fraction of gamal leaves as diuretic by measuring urine volume output and Na⁺, Cl⁻, dan K⁺ ion contents. Th…
Latar belakang: Karies gigi merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh aktivitas mikroba pada karbohidrat yang terfermentasi. Sumber utama plak dan karies gigi adalah mikroorganisme khususnya strain bakteri Streptococcus mutans yang berperan dalam pembentukan plak. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) memiliki glukosiltransferase surface (GTFs) yang berperan pada proses perlekatan dan virulensi bakter…
Introduction: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of global mortality with reperfusion therapy as its the gold standard. However, the following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) still lacks effective pharmacologic treatment. Mapping protein interaction networks may help identify herbal-based therapeutic targets related to mitochondria which holds central role in energy met…
Background: Patients with Carcinoma Mamae (Ca Mamae) who undergo mastectomy often experience acute post-operative pain due to tissue damage and an inflammatory response. Unoptimally managed pain can hinder the healing process, reduce sleep quality,and trigger physiological and emotional stress. Non-pharmacological therapies such as slow deep breathing and lavender aromatherapy have been shown t…
EFFECT OF MAHOGANY LEAF EXTRACT (Swietenia mahagoni L. Jacq.) ON THE HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF GASTRIC MUCOSA IN MICE (Mus musculus L.) Tegar Adi Wibowo 08082622327002 RESUME Traditional medicine has long been the most widely used form of treatment for various human diseases across the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that approximately 80 of the population in developing count…
Chinese betel leaf (peperomia pellucida) contains secondary metabolite compounds such as flavonoids and terpenoids that have potential as antioxidants. This study aims to determine the effect of giving extracts and fractions of Chinese betel herb invivo on male Wistar rats induced oxidative stress by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The 30 test animals were divided into 6 treatment groups, namely t…
Acacia leaves (Acacia Mangium Wild) contain secondary metabolite compounds of flavonoids in the form of quercetin which have the potential as antidepressants. This study aims to determine the effect of giving ethanol extract of acacia leaves and its effective dose on antidepressant activity. This study used 30 test animals which were divided into 6 groups, namely, the normal group (1 NaCMC with…
Staphylococcus aureus infection is caused by a bacterium that colonizes various organs in the human body, particularly the upper respiratory tract, including the skin, nasal cavity, axilla, and inguinal area. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus, known as MRSA and VRSA, presents a significant challenge in the treatment of such infections. Natural products, such as the torch ginger fl…
Buku ini membahas farmakokinetik, farmakodinamika, efek terapi, efek samping, indikasi, dan interaksi obat secara lengkap dan terperinci. Buku ini juga membahas sejarah, perubahan, kemajuan, dan perkembangan di bidang farmakologi, korelasi farmakologi dengan ilmu kesehatan lain, serta aplikasi sifat farmakokinetik dan farmakodinamik obat di dalam terapi obat.
Erythromycin is a drug classified into Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II which has low solubility in water so that it can reduce the speed of drug penetration into skin. One of the efforts to increase the penetration of Erythromycin is to formulate erythromycin into a nanoemulsion delivery system. The nanoemulsion was prepared by the PIT (Phase Transition Temperature) metho…
Mefenamic acid is a drug included in the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class II so it is difficult to dissolve water which is overcome by making it into a solid dispersion. The combination of chitosan and sodium alginate is used as a carrier substance in solid dispersion. This study aims to determine the effect of chitosan and sodium alginate as a carrier on the dissolution rate…
Erythromycin belongs to Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class 2, indicating limited solubility, which in turn results in restricted penetration and effectiveness.Incorporating erythromycin into a nanoemulsion delivery system can be a promising approach to overcome its limitations. This study aims to find the optimum formula for erythromycin nanoemulsion with variations in the conc…
Spirulina platensis is a blue-green algae species that contains phycocyanin. The low stability of phycocyanin requires an effective delivery system, one of which is through the process of nanoencapsulation using the ionic gelation method. Potential natural polymers serving as encapsulating agents include chitosan and alginate. Folic acid is among the targeting moieties used for the targeted del…
llmu Farmakologi terus berkembang pesat sehingga buku ini terus direvisi sesuai dengan kebutuhan saat ini. Daftar pustaka utama yang digunakan dalam merevisi buku ini antara lain : 1. Goodman & Gillman's. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed. Mac Millan Publishing Company,1990. 2. Drug Evaluations Annual 1991 , 1992, 1993. American Medical Association. 3. Basic & Clinical Pharm…
Microalgae Chlorella sp. contains phenolic secondary metabolites and carotenoids which have antioxidant activity. Previous studies reported that many of the chemical components of Chlorella such as phenolic compounds, β-carotene, ascorbic acid and tocopherols exhibit antioxidant properties. In this study the aim was to measure the phenolic and carotenoid content of the microalgae Chlorella sp.…
Azitromisin adalah antibiotik golongan makrolida yang termasuk ke dalam BCS (Biopharmaceutical Classification System) kelas II, yang memiliki kelarutan buruk, bioavailabilitas oral yang buruk, dan permeabilitas yang tinggi. Pembuatan dispersi padat Azitromisin dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik kokristalisasi menggunakan metode bead milling (penggilingan) yang dilakukan dengan tujuan memperkec…